Furnace



c. A. GALLAGHER- ET AL FURNACE Filed Damas, 193s Jan. 414, 1936.

Jan. 14, 1936. c. A. GALLAGHER T AL 2,027,317

A FURNACE v Filed Damas. 1933 z'sheets-vsneet 2 v iNVENToRs c4. GALL A@HER ci M. ALLEN BY uw ATTORNEY v 45 be emplioyed in formation ofdispersions of solid Patented Jan. 14, 1936 UNITED sflxrlezs PATENT.OFFICE rUaNAcE Charlps A. Gallagher and Carl M. Allen, California,.Pa., assignors to .General Chemical Company, New York, N. Y.,'acorporation of New York` Application December 26, 1933, Serial No.703,952

11 claims. (c1. 26a-21) e materials and other substances, for, example,Ato

facilitate reaction between a relatively nely divided solid and a gas. Y

The principal object of the invention is to provide a nozzle or injectordevice for introduc-V ing a dispersion of finely divided material into areaction chamber. The invention aims to provide a feed 'nozzle of thischar cter, simply constructed and designed to distrib te a. dispersion sof materialfover any desirable area. l

One operation in which the nozzle of the in vention may be used toparticular advantage is inthe roasting of sulfide' o're nes in gaseoussuspension to producesulfur dioxide gas. Inl

processes of this nature', it will be understood the finely divided oreisinjected into the roasting or combustion chamber, and air isv'suppliedto furnish oxygen for roasting the ore. To illus- 4 trate, ore may befed into the upper p art of a reaction chamber and the air employed forroast- .Jng introduced into either the top or bottom of the combustionchamber as desired.` The finely divided ore may be introduced into thereaction chamber by a mechanical feeder, or may be -injected by means ofa jet of inert gas such as steam, or by a stream of air, in which lattercase the relatively small amount of air employed is utilized intheroasting operation. In roasting -operations of this kind, it is highlydesirable to bring about satisfactory distribution of,ore

particles in the reaction chamber so as to-prof v videadequatedispersion of ore in the oxidizing gas. and thus promoteeeilicientroasting of the ore.

For convenience, a nozzle constituting one embodiment fof the inventionis described for illustrative purposes vin connection with the roastingof yfinely divided sulde ores, although it is to be understood theprinciples of the invention may or liqui materials for any purpose.

The invention comprises the. features of construction, combinations ofelements, and arrangement of parts exemplified in the constructionherein described. The objects and advantages of the invention willappear from the following description taken 'in connection, with theaccompanying drawings, in which Fig. 1 is'a` longitudinal, verticalsection showing a feed nozzle of the invention associatedl with a suldeore fines burner;

Fig. 2 is an elevation taken approximately on the line 2-2 of Fig. l;Fig. 3 is a horizontal section taken approximately on the line 3-3 ofFig. l; I

Fig. i is a longitudinal, vertical section taken approximately on thelines 4--4 of Figs. 3 and 5, showing in detail the construction of thefeed Fig. 5 is a horizontal section taken approxi-y mately on the line 55 of Fig. 4, and

Fig. 6 is a plan view of a shim, the purpose of [which will hereinafterappear.

Fig. 1 shows a'portion of a fines ore burner wall comprising a liningIII of /refraotory material and an exterior steel shell I I. As shown inelevation in Fig. 2, the burner wall is provided with a rectangularopenigl to accommodate the feed nozzle, indicated`genera1ly by I4, and

witha. flange 20 to which is detachably connected by rivets or bolts 2|,a plate 22 supporting the feed nozzle I4 andssociated parts. Attached bybolts 25 to plate 22 near the lower edge is lan rangle iron 26 shown insection in Figs. 1 and 4, in .elevation in-Fig. 2, and in plan in Fig.5.

'Ihe horizontal ange 21 of angle iron 26 supports nozzle Ilandholds thesame in proper position in the burner wall port I2. 4It will beunderstood plate 22 is provided with a suitably shaped opening 30 (Fig.3) to permit insertion position shown in 40 of feed nozzle Il to rest inthe Fig. 1.

Details of construction of nozzle I4 may be understood fromconsiderationof Figs. 4 and 5. Referring particularly to. Fig. 4, the.nozzle ircludes a vertically positioned' cylindrical casing 3l .groovedat either end as at 3 2 and 33 to receive discs 35 and 36. The lowerpart of cylinder 3| is -bore out to provide a shoulder'38 against whichl,he circular `edge ofA a plug I0 is seated. Plug l0 comprises acone-shaped 'surface 4I land5 a short cylindrical section l2, thecircular lower edge of cone-shaped surface 4I 4intersecting the verticalinner wall of casing 3|. When assembling the nozzle, the plug 40 is`inserted against shouldientes at u. msm u and u are then ugnuy wedged inplace, thereby providing above coneshapedplug 48 an upper materialfeeding chamber 48, and a lower gas, compartment 48.

As shown in Fig. 4, the lower end of cylinder 8| is seated in adepression 82 in a circular plate 88. By means of rivets 84, plate 88yisrigidly connected to horizontal flange 21 of angle iron 2 8. As casing8| is wedged tightly in depression compartment 48.

Adjacent the intersection of the lower circular edge of the cone-shapedsmface 4| and the inside wall of the upper compartmentl 48 an arcuateslot 88 to permit discharge of ma rial from feeding chamber 48. Slot 88extends horizontally through an angle A, as indicated in Fig. 5. -Thevertical dimensioneand the length of slot 88 may be proportioned topermit feeding into the roasting chamber of any desired quantities ofmaterial, the length of the slot being selected to provide the desiredlateral or sidewise dispersion of the' material fed into the chamber. Acurved member 88, triangular in cross-section, may be placed on thelower horizontal edge of slot 88 to continue surface 4| to the outsideof casing 8|. At the front of lower compartment 48 and just below slot88 is a second slot 8| through which gas is discharged from compartment48- into the stream of material flowing through slot 88. As seen inIiig. 5, slot 8| subtends an angle B which is preferably appreciablygreater than angle A.V The purpose of this construction will -presentlyappear.

Reference numeral 88,' Fig. 4, indicates a circular dispersion plate,encircling cylinder 8|, and having at the rear side a cut-out section 84to accommodate air feed pipe 81. Plate 88 loosely contacts the outersurface of cylinder 8|, and may be vertically adjusted withoutdisassembling the unit by inserting or withdrawing one or moresemi-circular shims 81 shown in section in Fig. 4 and in plan in Fig. 8.

'I'he upper cover plate 88 ofthe nozzle is'centrally tapped to receivethe lower end of a con-l duit 'l0 through which Ore is fedfintooompai'tment 48 from a hopper 1|. Rate of flo'w of ore into compartment48 may be controllecrby valve.

Danger of overheating the nomic and the ore feed pipe 18 and plate 22lsplargely avoided by a metal shield 18 andJ firebrick block 18. Shield15 may comprisea vertically positioned halfround section of steel 11v:litting at the lower end 18 over the inner upper vertical surface ofpas ing 8|, and having in the upper end a semi-circular disc 18 weldedthereto. As shown at 88 in Fig. 3, and at 8| in Fig. 1, the edges oftheshield areJ welded to the inner side of supporting plate 22. Flrebrickblock 18 may be generally rectangular'in shape as indicated in Figs. 2and 3, and'is provided on the rear face with a cutout portion to receiveshield 18. Block 18 is held inplace against plate 22 by bolts 8 8. Thefeednozzle illustrated 'may' be used in practice substantially asfollows. In the roasting of sulilde ores in gaseous suspension, one ofthe important problems involved is the formation of a satisfactory.dispersion of the nnely divided ore inthe roasting atmosphere in' thecombustion chamber. When employing a nozzle of the present invention,for example in roasting sulde ores, it' will be understood the nozzlemay be placed in a vertical side wallA of the furnace near the top ofthe roasting chamber.

Ore is fed from-hopper 1I in to upper chamber 48 of nozzle |4 at anydesired rate determined by adjustment of` valve 12. Air for injectingthe ore into the roasting chamber is introduced into lower compartment48 ofthe nozzle through pipe 81, and the air pressure in chamber 48 iscontrolled by adjustment of valve 88. In the present example, it will beunderstood the air in chamber 48 is employed primarily for injectingthe'ore into the furnace and dispersing the ore in the roastingatmosphere, but not for supplying the bulk of the air needed to supportoxidation of the ore, such-air -beingintroduced into the combustionchamber through separate ports or inlets not j shown. Accordingly, it isevident gases other than air, steam for example, may be introduced intocompartment 48.

At the beginning of operations, the rear part of material feed chamber48 fills up with ore as indicated at 88. Thereafter all of the ore fedinto chamber 48 flows downwardly over the forward face of conicalsurface 4|, and passes through.

arcuate slot or orice 88. As will be understood from Figs. 3 and 5, thelength of slot 88 (angle A) is chosen, according to the size of theparticular combustion chamber, so as to provide for any desired lateralspread of the ore, (i. e. lateral spread in a horizontal plane and indirections indicated by the arrows 88, Iig. 3). It will be seen the oreis thus continuously discharged A through slot 88 in the form of a thin,even, 'downwardly directed.` arcuate sheet. Issuing from slot 8| is ahorizontal; arcuate or fan-shaped sheet of air or other gas, the airstream intersecting the underside or concave surface of the ore sheetapproximately in the horizontal plane of slot 8|. The particles of oreare swept up by the air stream, and there is thus formeda relativelyhorizontally disposed, substantially fan-shaped dispersin of ore whichis charged into the combustion chamber in a diverging stream. As previously noted, thel gasv slot 8l is longer than. ore slot 88, thepurpose of this being to control sidewide throw of the material beingfed. by proy viding bordering'margins of air along the diverging edgesof the ore stream thus preventing ore particles falling oif the outeredges of the air sheet. introduced through slot 8|, and dropping more orless directly into the roasting chamber along the furnace wall adjacentthe feed nozzle. In practice, the slot 8| may be for example 20'longerthan slot 88.

The longitudinal travel or horizontal distance of projectionof the oreparticles from the nozzle By vertically adjusting the surface of plate88,

the extent of the'longitudinal horizontal projectionof the ore particlesmay bereadily controlled.

When plate 88 is in a lower position, longitudinal horizontal throw ofore particles is lessened, and when the plate 88 is in a higherposition, longitudinal horizontal projection of ore particles isincreased. To provide for particular operating conditions involved, suchas the size ofthe combustion chamber, the plate 63 may be verticallyadjusted without dismounting the nozzle and without interfering with theore feeding operation by' inserting or withdrawing one 'or moresemicircular shims 6l between plate 63 and plate 53.

In this way, plate 63 may be vertically adjusted,

and the desired longitudinal, horizontal throw of the ore particlesobtained. y

The nozzles of the invention are simple in design, and easilymanufactured and assembled.

According to the size or shape of the reaction` fleeting plate may bereadily replaced if necessary. r TheA nozzles 'of the invention may alsobe employed to advantage in forming dispersions of any liquid orwsolidmaterials.

We claim:

1. Apparatus for distributing materials comprising a unitary casing, achamber in the casing,

a slot in the side of the casing, a surface in the' chamber for feedingmaterial through said slot, a second chamber in said casing adapted tocontain fluid and a second slot longer than the rst in the casingcommunicating with said second chamber, said slots being positioned sothat fluid discharged through the second slot is introduced intomaterial discharged through the rst slot.

2. Apparatus for distributing materials comprising a cylindrical casing,a chamber in the casing, a slot in theside of the casing .lying in aplane disposed at a right angle to the axis of the casing, a cone-shapedsurface in the chamber for feeding material through said slot, a secondchamber in said lcasing adapted to contain uid and a second slot in thecasing communicating with said'second chamber' and lying in' a planedisposed at a right angle to the axis of the casing, said slots beingpositioned so that fluid discharged through the second slot isintroduced into material discharged through the rst slot, said secondslot being suiliciently large than the first to maintain marginalstreams of uid along the edges of the stream of material dischargedthrough theV rst slot, and a plate for deecting material positioned sothat at .least some of the discharged material impinges thereon.

3. In combination with a reaction chamber having anopening inthe wallthereof, a nozzle in the opening `for introducing material into thechamber,` said nozzle comprising a vertically Adisposed cylindricalcasing, amaterial chamber in the upper part of the casing, a horizontalarcuate slot in the casing wall opening toward said reaction chamber, acone-shaped surface in the Amaterial chamber for feeding materialthroughsaid slot, a second chamber in the casing. adapted to containfluid, a second horizontal arcuate slot in the casingtwall openingtoward said reaction chamber and communicating with the iiuid chamber,said second slot being disposed beneath the first slot andbeinglsumciently longerv than the.

flrst slot toy maintain marginal streams of uid along the edges ofthestream of material discharged. through the first slot, ,a deiiectingplate beneath the second slot, said slots and deilecting plate beingarranged so' that fluid discharged through the second slot is introducedinto mate- 3 rial discharged through the first slot to charge into thereaction chamber a fan-like dispersionof material.

4'. Apparatus for distributing materials comprising an openingshaped toform a curved sheet 5 of material, means for'feeding material throughsaid opening, a deflecting surface adjacent the opening, a secondopening between the deiiecting surface and the first-mentioned openingfor, n-

troducing a stream of fluid into the concave surface of the material,and means for altering the position of said deflecting surface withlrespect to said opening.

5. Apparatus for distributing materials comprising a relativelycone-shaped downwardly sloping surface having a curved lower edge, meansfor supplying material to an upper part of the surface to cause materialto flow downwardly over said surface and form adjacent the lower edgethereof a curved sheet of material, means 2K0 for injecting into theconcave surface ofthe material at an angle to said surface a stream ofuid to form a diverging dispersion of material, a surface for deiiectingthe material positioned so that at least some of the material impingesthereon, and means for maintaining a marginal stream of fluid along theedges of the dispersion.

6. Apparatus for distributing materials comprising an opening shaped toform a curved sheet of material, means for feedingmaterial through saidopening, a deilecting surface adjacent the opening, a second openingbetween the deiiecting surface and the first-mentioned opening for in-.troducing a stream of uid into the concave surface of the material,means for altering the position of said deflecting surface with respectlto said second opening, and means for maintaining a marginal stream ofuid alongthe edges of the material. I

7. Apparatus for distributing materials com- 40 prising means forslforming a curved sheet of material, means for introducing into theconcave surface of said sheet atan angle thereto a stream of uid to forma diverging fan-like dispersion of material, and means for maintainingmarginal streams of fluid along the d iverging edges of the dispersion.

48. Apparatus for distributing materials comprising an elongated openingshaped to form a v curved sheet of material, means for feeding ma- 5oterial through said opening, a deiiecting surface adjacent the opening,and a second elongated opening longer than the first-mentioned openingbetween the deflecting surface and the flrst7 mentioned opening forintroducing a stream of fluid intoV the concave surface of the material.

9. Apparatus for distributing materials comprising a unitary casing, achamber in the casing, a slot in the side of the casing, a surface inthe chamber for feeding material through said the second slot isintroduced into material discharged throughlthe first slot. i A

4 10. Apparatus for distributing materials comprising acylindricalcasing, a chamber in the casing, a slot in the side of the casing lyingin va plane disposed at a right angle to the axis 'of 70 with saidsecond chamber and lying in a plane disposed at a right angle'to theaxisof the casing, said slots being positioned yso that uid dischargedthrough the second slot is introduced into material discharged throughthe first slot, and a. -plate for deilecting material positioned so thatat least some of the discharged material impinges thereon.

l1. In combination with a reaction chamber having an opening in the wallthereof, a nozzle in the opening for introducing material into thechamber, said nozzle comprising a vertically disposed cylindricalcasing, a material chamber ln the upper part of the casing, a horizontalarcuate slot in the casing wall opening toward said re- 15 actionchamber, a cone-shaped surface in the material chamber for feedingmaterial through said slot. a second chamber in the casing adapted tocontain uid, a second horizontal arcuate slot in the casing 'wallopening toward said reaction chamber and communicating with the fluidchamber, said second slot being longer thanand disposed beneath thetlrst slot, a defiecting plate beneath the second slot, said slots anddeilectlng plate being arranged so that fluid discharged through thesecond slot is introduced into material discharged through the rst slotto introduce into the reaction chamber a fan-like dispersion ofmaterial. CHARLES A. GALLAGHER. CARL M. ALLEN.

